{"id":2896,"date":"2026-01-29T15:30:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T15:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/2026\/01\/29\/after-the-disaster-living-for-today\/"},"modified":"2026-01-29T15:30:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T15:30:29","slug":"after-the-disaster-living-for-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/2026\/01\/29\/after-the-disaster-living-for-today\/","title":{"rendered":"After the disaster, living for today"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\n\t\tAfter the disaster, living for today\t<\/h1>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Ichiro Kawachi.<\/p>\n

Niles Singer\/Harvard Staff Photographer<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\n\t\tSy Boles\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tSy Boles\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/address>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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\n\t\t\t4 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\tStudy looks at why risky behavior surged in wake of 2011 tsunami, earthquake\t\t<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n
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When Ichiro Kawachi<\/a> established a cohort study in Iwanuma, Japan, in 2010, he thought he would be researching the predictors of healthy aging. <\/p>\n

But seven months later, his plans changed when a magnitude 9.1 earthquake, the fourth most powerful<\/a> since 1900, struck 50 miles from his field site, triggering a massive tsunami and widespread destruction. <\/p>\n

\u201cWe had this unusual natural experiment where we had all the information about people\u2019s lifestyle and health behaviors before the earthquake, and we could track people afterwards,\u201d said Kawachi, the John L. Loeb and Frances Lehman Loeb Professor of Social Epidemiology at the T.H. Chan School of Public Health. \u201cIt turned into a follow-up study of disaster survivors.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a paper<\/a> in Communications Psychology, Kawachi and co-authors, including lead author Yasuyuki Sawada of the University of Tokyo, found a significant increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome (a cluster of conditions associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, and Type 2 diabetes) among people who suffered housing damage or destruction in the March 11, 2011, disaster. <\/p>\n

\u201cOverweight and obesity rates increased from 25 percent before the earthquake to 35 percent among people who lost their homes, whereas it remained pretty much level among people who did not experience this kind of asset loss,\u201d Kawachi explained. \u201cThat was a big surprise for us.\u201d <\/p>\n

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“Overweight and obesity rates increased from 25 percent before the earthquake to 35 percent among people who lost their homes, whereas it remained pretty much level among people who did not experience this kind of asset loss.”<\/p>\n

Ichiro Kawachi<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

Rates of drinking and smoking also increased for people who experienced heavy damage to their homes. <\/p>\n

This might not be surprising to epidemiologists, who have consistently found that people who have survived natural disasters tend to engage in risky health behaviors at higher rates than peers who have not. What\u2019s novel in Kawachi\u2019s research is the underlying mechanism: present bias, also known as hyperbolic discounting, brought about by exposure to scarcity. Present bias is the tendency to prefer immediate rewards over larger, future benefits, even when the benefits of waiting are clear.<\/p>\n

The researchers analyzed data from 337 participants from parts of Iwanuma that had recorded a large variation in home damage on each block, about three years after the quake. They collected an additional round of data in 2017. <\/p>\n

They supplemented data from Iwanuma with that of 187 survivors of a separate natural disaster \u2014 torrential rain and typhoon-like flooding that struck a village south of Manila in the Philippines in 2012. <\/p>\n

\u201cWe set this up as an independent sample of people who have experienced asset loss,\u201d Kawachi said. \u201cIn that location, they also saw an increase in poor dietary habits, hypertension, and metabolic problems.\u201d <\/p>\n

Unhealthy behaviors and increased present bias both persisted six years after the disaster. <\/p>\n

To identify present bias as the mechanism behind the increase in unhealthy behaviors, Kawachi and his team created a version of the psychology experiment on delayed gratification known as the marshmallow test. Participants we re asked if they would like to receive a sum of money today or a larger sum of money at a later date. <\/p>\n

\u201cFrom the choices they make in different scenarios, we can quantify their internal discount rate. Thus we can show that there\u2019s a dose response between the extent of people\u2019s housing damage and the extent to which they discount future benefit for present gain.\u201d <\/p>\n

All of the behaviors recommended by public health officials \u2014 healthy eating, drinking in moderation, exercising, getting a good night\u2019s sleep \u2014 involve what researchers call the intertemporal choice problem: The benefits of the behavior and the cost of the behavior fall in different time periods. <\/p>\n

\u201cWhen we fall under the sway of present bias, it becomes much more difficult to invest for future health gain,\u201d Kawachi said. <\/p>\n

Interestingly, he added, the paper found that participants\u2019 tolerance for risk did not change as a result of housing damage or housing loss. \u201cThis is a very specific mechanism about people\u2019s ability to forgo gratification, to invest for the future, and that\u2019s another way of trying to think about these risk behaviors.\u201d <\/p>\n

Kawachi sees implications for the research beyond natural disasters. \u201cThere was widespread asset loss and scarcity during COVID,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd we also know that during COVID, all sorts of bad behavior increased: There was a rise in alcoholic cirrhosis, a rise in opioid poisoning. Some of that could be because of an interruption in access to services for treatment, but you could also put a kind of scarcity spin on what was happening at the population level.\u201d <\/p>\n

The study described in this story was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Health After the disaster, living for today Ichiro Kawachi. Niles Singer\/Harvard Staff Photographer Sy Boles Sy Boles January 14, 2026 4 min read Study looks at why risky behavior surged in wake of 2011 tsunami, earthquake When Ichiro Kawachi established a cohort study in Iwanuma, Japan, in 2010, he thought he would be researching the …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"loftocean_post_primary_category":0,"loftocean_post_format_gallery":"","loftocean_post_format_gallery_ids":"","loftocean_post_format_gallery_urls":"","loftocean_post_format_video_id":0,"loftocean_post_format_video_url":"","loftocean_post_format_video_type":"","loftocean_post_format_video":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_type":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_url":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_id":0,"loftocean_post_format_audio":"","loftocean-featured-post":"","loftocean-like-count":0,"loftocean-view-count":126,"tinysalt_single_post_intro_label":"","tinysalt_single_post_intro_description":"","tinysalt_hide_post_featured_image":"","tinysalt_post_featured_media_position":"","tinysalt_single_site_header_source":"","tinysalt_single_custom_site_header":"0","tinysalt_single_custom_sticky_site_header":"0","tinysalt_single_custom_sticky_site_header_style":"sticky-scroll-up","tinysalt_single_site_footer_source":"","tinysalt_single_custom_site_footer":"0","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-staying-healthy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanvoiceofhealth.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}